GOES Steel

One-Stop Sourcing for High-Quality Grain-Oriented Silicon Steel

1.GOES Steel

Grain-oriented electrical steel (GOES Steel), also known as GOES core steel, is a specialized iron-silicon alloy designed to deliver extremely low core loss and high magnetic permeability in the direction of grain orientation. This makes GOES steel the essential material for manufacturing transformer cores, large generator stators, and reactor components where energy efficiency and minimal heat generation are critical.

At Zhongxin Steel, our GOES steel portfolio features a wide inventory of thickness options (0.23mm, 0.27mm, 0.30mm, and 0.35mm) covering common grades such as B23R085, 27QG100, and M3. We stand out by offering free material samples for laboratory testing, full mill test certificates (MTC), and ISO 9001 / IATF 16949 certified quality assurance. Whether you need low core loss GOES for high-efficiency transformers or standard GOES for general power applications, our ready-to-ship coils and slitting services ensure fast turnaround.

2.GOES steel grade

In the global market, common grades of Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel (GOES Steel) are primarily classified according to four major standard systems: JIS, ASTM, GB, and EN. Under the JIS standards, high-permeability (Hi-B) grades—such as 23R085, 27P100, and 30P120—are widely utilized in the cores of high-efficiency transformers. The Chinese GB standards, represented by grades such as B23R085, B27R100, and B30G120, frequently appear in procurement specifications throughout the Asia-Pacific region. The North American market is more familiar with ASTM grades M-3 (corresponding to 23R085), M-4 (corresponding to 27P100), and M-5 (corresponding to 30P120), while the European IEC system commonly features grades 23C085, 27C100, and 30C120. Regardless of which standard system you adopt, we are capable of supplying mainstream grades ranging in thickness from 0.23mm to 0.35mm, and we offer cross-standard reference services to ensure accurate grade selection.

The designation systems for grain-oriented silicon steel vary across different countries. The following table provides a cross-reference of grain-oriented silicon steel grades from various nations:

列	公称厚度 (mm)	宝钢 Baosteel	武钢 WISCO	新日铁 NSC	JFE	Congent	蒂森克虏伯 TKS	浦项 Posco	新利佩茨克 NI & SCo	阿姆可 AK
Normal	0.23	B23G110	23Q105
			23Q110	23Z110			C110-23		NV23S -
			23Q115
		B23G120				M120 -	C120-23		NV23S -	M-3
						M127 -	C127-23		NV23S -
	0.27							27PG110	NV27S -
		B27G120	27Q120	27Z120	27JG120		C120-27	27PG120	NV27S -	M-4
		B27G130	27Q130	27Z130	27JG130	M130 -	C130-27	27PG130	NV27S -	M-4
			27Q140			M140 -	C140-27		NV27S-14
	0.3							30PG110
		B30G120	30Q220	30Z120	30JG120			30PG120	NV30S -
		B30G130	30Q180	30Z130	30JG130		C130-30	30PG130	NV30S -
		B30G140	30Q160	30Z140	30JG140	M140 -	C140-30	30PG140	NV30S -	M-5
			30Q150			M150 -	C150-30			M-5
			30Q140
			30Q130
			30Q120
	0.35	B35G135	35Q135	35Z135	35JG135				NV35S -
		B35G145	35Q145	35Z145	35JG145	M150 -	C150-35	35PG145	NV35S -	M-6
		B35G155	35Q155	35Z155	35JG155	M165 -	C165-35	35PG155		M-6
High magnetic induction type	0.23	B23P090	23QG090	23ZH090	23JGS090 23JGH090	M90 -23P5	H090-23	23PH090
		B23P095	23QG095	23ZH095	23JGS095 23JGH095		H095-23	23PH095
		B23P100	23QG100	23ZH100	23JGH100	M100 -	H100-23	23PH100		H-0
				23ZH110
	0.27						H090-27
		B27P095	27QG095	27ZH095			H095-27	27PH095
		B27P100	27QG100	27ZH100	27JGH100	M103 -	H103-27	27PH110	NV27P-
		B27P110	27QG110	27ZH110	27JGH110					H-1
	0.3	B30P100	30QG100	30ZH100	30JGH100			30PH100
		B30P105	30QG105	30ZH105	30JGH105	M105 -	H105-30	30PH105	NV30P-
		B30P110	30QG110	30ZH110	30JGH110	M111 -	H111-30
		B30P120	30QG120	30ZH120	30JGH120	M117 -
	0.35	B35P115		35ZH115	35JGS115 35JGH115			35PH115
		B35P125		35ZH125	35JGS125 35JGH125			35PH125
		B35P135		35ZH135	35JGH135			35PH135
High magnetic induction type with domain refinement	0.23	B23R080		23ZDKH80 23ZDMH8	23JGSD80			23PHD080
		B23R085		23ZD0KH85 23ZDMH8	23JGSD85		H085-23	23PHD085
		B23R090		23ZD5KH90 23ZDMH9	23JGSD90		H090-23			H-0DR
	0.27	B27R090		27ZD0KH90 27ZDMH9	27JGSD90		H090-27	27PHD090
		B27R095		27ZD0KH95 27ZDMH9	27JGSD95			27PHD095		H-1DR

3. Application Scenarios and Industry Standards

Grain-oriented silicon steel serves various purposes across different fields. The following outlines how to select the appropriate type of grain-oriented silicon steel for common application areas.

Industrial Sector	Dominant Selection Factor	Common Thickness Range	Typical Grade Range
Power transformers (50 Hz)	Efficiency class + initial cost	0.23 / 0.27 / 0.30 mm	23Q085 ~ 30Q130
Distribution transformers	Costperformance + processability	0.30 / 0.35 mm	30Q120, 35Q155
Mediumfrequency equipment (400 Hz)	Frequency → thickness priority	0.15 mm and below	15QG050 etc.
Offshore wind / nuclear	Reliability + corrosion protection	0.27 / 0.30 mm	27Q100, 30Q120
Special reactors	Magnetic saturation behaviour	0.23 – 0.35 mm	Depends on harmonics, often HiB

4. List of Physical and Magnetic Property Parameters

4.1Magnetic Properties of GOES Steel

Density: 7.65 g/cm³ (typical for grain-oriented silicon steel)

Electrical Resistivity: 0.48 µΩ·m (at 20°C, improving eddy current loss control)

Lamination Factor (Stacking Factor): ≥ 0.95 (for fully processed, coated sheets)

Maximum Permeability (μmax): > 40,000 (measured along rolling direction at 1.7 T)

Coercivity (Hc): ≤ 10 A/m (low coercivity ensures minimal hysteresis loss)

4.2Mechanical Data for Slitting

Tensile Strength: 340 – 390 MPa (longitudinal direction)

Elongation: 8 – 12% (typical for as-sheared condition)

Hardness (HV): 180 – 220 (suitable for guillotine and rotary slitting)

Minimum Slitting Width: 10 mm (depending on gauge and coating type)

Edge Burr Height: ≤ 0.05 mm (for stacked core applications)

5. Supply Forms and Processing Services

We supply GOES steel in multiple forms to suit your production flow: coil, sheet, and slit strip (custom width).

To help you move from material to finished laminations efficiently, we offer the following value-added services:

Slitting – GOES steel coil slitting service with width tolerance ±0.1 mm, minimum slitting width 10 mm, and controlled burr height.

Annealing – Stress relief annealing to restore magnetic properties after punching or shearing.

Insulation Coating – Available with C5 (high surface resistance, heat resistant) or C6 (organic + inorganic, good punchability). Request C5 insulation coated GOES for high-temperature applications.

Cut-to-size – Precision shearing per your drawing to minimize scrap.

These services are available for all common GOES grades (e.g., B23R085, M-4). Contact us for samples or a technical datasheet.

6.FAQ(Frequently Asked Questions )

1.What is the difference between GOES and NOES steel?

GOES (Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel) has grains aligned in the rolling direction, offering extremely high permeability and low core loss along that direction, making it ideal for transformer cores. NOES (Non-Oriented Electrical Steel) is isotropic and used in rotating equipment like motor stators and rotors.

2.Can GOES steel be used in high-frequency transformers?

Standard GOES is designed for power frequencies (50/60 Hz). At high frequencies (>400 Hz), core loss increases significantly. For high-frequency applications, thin-gauge NOES or amorphous alloys are recommended. Please consult our engineers for material selection.

3.What is the typical delivery time for GOES B23R085?

For common grades like B23R085, samples or small quantities (≤5 tons) from stock can be shipped within 3–5 business days. Bulk orders (full coils or containers) are typically delivered in 15–25 days, depending on coating requirements and slitting services.

4.Do you provide Epstein test report for each coil?

Yes. We perform Epstein tests (according to IEC 60404-2) on each coil delivered and provide a Mill Test Certificate (MTC) including core loss, magnetic induction, and stacking factor. Raw test curves are available upon request.

5.What coating options are available for GOES steel coils?

We offer C5 (phosphate-based, high surface resistance, annealing-resistant) and C6 (organic + inorganic, better punchability). If you require C5 insulation coated GOES, please specify this in your inquiry.

6.Can you provide samples before bulk order?

Yes. We support supplying A5-size samples or small strips (e.g., 30 mm × 300 mm) for lab evaluation. Samples are usually free of charge; only international shipping applies.

Have any questions about the GOES steel grades, technical data, or processing services above? Zhongxin Steel is here to help. We provide full technical support (magnetic property consultation, grade substitution, coating selection) and complete cargo support (stock availability, slitting, packaging, and worldwide shipping).
Contact us now – your reliable partner for grain-oriented electrical steel.

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